Dr Mandeep Singh Malhotra: Early signs of head and neck cancer include persistent mouth ulcers, hoarseness, and neck lumps. According to the surgical oncologist, recognizing these symptoms early is crucial because head and neck cancers are highly treatable when detected at an early stage. Many initial signs are subtle and often mistaken for common, non-serious conditions, leading to delayed diagnosis.
One of the most common early signs is a persistent mouth ulcer that does not heal within two to three weeks despite treatment. While most ulcers are harmless, a non-healing one may indicate a pre-cancerous lesion or early-stage oral cancer. Dr Malhotra emphasized that such ulcers require prompt evaluation and a tissue biopsy.
Another warning sign is hoarseness that does not improve. Temporary voice changes are normal during infections, but persistent hoarseness, especially in smokers or tobacco users, needs further investigation. A laryngoscopic examination can detect early cancers of the larynx or throat when treatment outcomes are highly successful.
A lump in the neck is often considered a noticeable symptom of head and neck cancer, but Dr Malhotra warned that it is usually a late sign, indicating the cancer has spread to lymph nodes, typically at Stage 3 or beyond. Relying on a neck lump as the first warning sign can result in delayed treatment.
Early detection allows for better treatment options, including advanced robotic and laser-assisted surgery. These minimally invasive techniques can remove tumors while preserving speech and swallowing functions. Dr Malhotra stressed that a persistent mouth ulcer or hoarseness may be earlier warning signs than a neck lump. Seeking timely medical evaluation can make a significant difference.